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Fwd: [Don.Reagan@trw.com: Need help on a Linux issue]

by Andy Stewart

HI gang, If anybody feels like writing an answer to this technical question, you have a chance of getting it published in SysAdmin magazine. If you're interested, directly contact Don.Reagan(a)trw.com ASAP. Thanks, Andy ---------- Forwarded Message ---------- Subject: [Don.Reagan(a)trw.com: Need help on a Linux issue] Date: Wed, 25 Jul 2001 16:58:41 -0400 From: <arr(a)oceanwave.com> To: andystewart(a)mediaone.net Howdy, Liz (your sister) said you'd be the man who may know the answer to this. I write a column (Q&A) for SysAdmin magazine, but I'm not a Linux person and know diddly about their printing stuff. If you can answer this guy's question (cc me) and it's a sufficiently complex answer, I'll be happy to print it in the next issue I write up. If you're not interested, thanks for reading this far, and sorry for bothering you. :} ------- start of forwarded message (RFC 934 encapsulation) ------- Importance: Normal From: "Don Reagan" <Don.Reagan(a)trw.com> To: <jrmckins(a)yahoo.com>, <arr(a)oceanwave.com> Subject: Need help on a Linux issue Date: Wed, 25 Jul 2001 11:47:31 -0700 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. - ------=_NextPart_000_001C_01C114FF.9640F520 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit I am a reader of the Sys Admin magazine. I was wondering if you can help me on a Linux issue. I can't print to a networked HP LJ 5Si printer. Notes: I Can ping the printer. I can ping all network resources. Printer is in the same hub as my computer. Tried to setup printer on computer using CUPS, LPR, PDQ, PRINTTOOL, and Mandrake Hardware setup tool. CUPS asks me for a command line. I tried something like "IPP://PrintServer/PrinterName:9100" Also with the word socket in the front. None of the examples I have seen ask for the IP. I tried one command line with the IP but it didn't work. None of the documentation is clear on networked HP printers. It seems like I have tried every combination. Tried a raw IP print to the printer "lpr raw(a)123.123.123.123 test" Printer runs these protocols: Netware, TCP/IP, AppleTalk, and LAT. We print to this printer in Windows using a Windows 2000 print server. I am the maverick I want to dual boot Windows and Linux. Using CUPS (Common Unix Printing Service) with IPP, Socket, and other setup lines. Not sure of the command line for this. I tried editing the /etc/printcap, and /etc/printrc files. I Got the PDD for the HP 5Si printer. I thought maybe my editing of printcap or printrc was stopping the CUPS or other methods of setup from working so I went back to the original copies. Oh ya, before you say something simple like read the print man page--I did, also I went to Mandrake documentation, HP printing for Unix web page, read the documentation at Linuxprinting.org web site, Read the printing documentation at Red Hat web site. Not sure it is a HP Jetdirect network card in the printer. Though I suspect I could use HP Jetdirect software to set it up on a Windows machine. I guess what I really need is someone who has printed from a Linux variant to a networked HP printer. Everything I read says this is traditionally a hard issue because of varies issues. Compatibility has been an issue. System: Mandrake Linux v8 full install, Dell GX110 computer. 3Com905 network card. Thank you, Don Reagan Senior Systems Administrator 310.812.6273, don.reagan(a)trw.com TRW Systems/IIT (S&ITG) One Space Park, R2/1015C, Redondo Beach, CA. 90278 -- Andy Stewart Founder Worcester Linux Users' Group Worcester, MA, USA http://www.wlug.org

July 26, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Jobs

by Marc Hughes

I found the same thing. I currently have a linux job, but I have to commute an hour. Luckily I love my job, and I work at home two days a week. They aren't that hard to find, I had two linux job offers 3 months ago (and I think the economy is better now?). I found them in Boston papers. -Marc On 25 Jul 2001 06:55:55 -0400, Gary J. Hanley wrote: > Unfortunately there isn't much UNIX related jobs in the Worcester area. > I've been working with UNIX since the early '90s and have always had to > travel at least a half-hour to work. > > I think the future is bright though. More companies are moving out *towards* > Worcester from Boston. And because the City recently changed the tax > structure to be a little more business-friendly and the Little Dig making > the city more accessable, there will likely be more companies moving offices > in and around the city in the next couple of years. > > Of that doesn't help you now. Be prepared to commute. :-( > > -- Gary > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Doctor Orbitz" <orbitz(a)firest0rm.org> > To: <wlug(a)wlug.org> > Sent: Monday, July 23, 2001 5:03 PM > Subject: [Wlug] Jobs > > > > Hello, does anyone know of companies in the Worcester area looking for > > people with programming/web/*NIX skills, or of a good place to find > > consulting type jobs? As in making a webpage, seting up servers, etc > > for somebody. I'm looking for something to put my knowledge to. > > > > Thanks, > > Orbitz > > > > _______________________________________________ > > Wlug mailing list > > Wlug(a)mail.wlug.org > > http://mail.wlug.org/mailman/listinfo/wlug > > > > _______________________________________________ > Wlug mailing list > Wlug(a)mail.wlug.org > http://mail.wlug.org/mailman/listinfo/wlug >

July 25, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Jobs

by Gary J. Hanley

Unfortunately there isn't much UNIX related jobs in the Worcester area. I've been working with UNIX since the early '90s and have always had to travel at least a half-hour to work. I think the future is bright though. More companies are moving out *towards* Worcester from Boston. And because the City recently changed the tax structure to be a little more business-friendly and the Little Dig making the city more accessable, there will likely be more companies moving offices in and around the city in the next couple of years. Of that doesn't help you now. Be prepared to commute. :-( -- Gary ----- Original Message ----- From: "Doctor Orbitz" <orbitz(a)firest0rm.org> To: <wlug(a)wlug.org> Sent: Monday, July 23, 2001 5:03 PM Subject: [Wlug] Jobs > Hello, does anyone know of companies in the Worcester area looking for > people with programming/web/*NIX skills, or of a good place to find > consulting type jobs? As in making a webpage, seting up servers, etc > for somebody. I'm looking for something to put my knowledge to. > > Thanks, > Orbitz > > _______________________________________________ > Wlug mailing list > Wlug(a)mail.wlug.org > http://mail.wlug.org/mailman/listinfo/wlug >

July 25, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Jobs

by Aaron Haviland

Doctor Orbitz said: > Hello, does anyone know of companies in the Worcester area looking for > people with programming/web/*NIX skills, or of a good place to find > consulting type jobs? As in making a webpage, seting up servers, etc > for somebody. I'm looking for something to put my knowledge to. > > Thanks, > Orbitz Similarly, does anyone know of a suitable type of job for a person that loves making Debian packages and generally tweaking things, but not actually writing code? Someone described me the other day as an "ad-hoc specialist," in that I don't specialise in anything, but I tend to learn what I need to do the job I need (or want) to do. How would I put that on a resume? I'm not looking for something to put my knowledge to. I'm looking to gain more self-taught knowledge. Something I've failed to learn is how to find a good job. -- Aaron Haviland orion [at] tribble [dot] dyndns [dot] org orion [at] parsed [dot] net I previously had a sig here, but it went through the dishwasher.

July 24, 2001

Jobs

by Doctor Orbitz

Hello, does anyone know of companies in the Worcester area looking for people with programming/web/*NIX skills, or of a good place to find consulting type jobs? As in making a webpage, seting up servers, etc for somebody. I'm looking for something to put my knowledge to. Thanks, Orbitz

July 23, 2001

Re: [Wlug] apache

by Dan Potter

What distro are you using? Recent distros have set up some interesting firewall rules... If you are using RedHat 7.1, their default server install for some unknown reason rejects all SYN packets which are the start of a connection, and will cause Netscape to display the error you quoted (actually, RedHat only rejects incoming SYN packets to the lower 1024 "privileged" ports). You can check firewall rules on most distros using ipchains -L -n You can otherwise ping the server, right? If not, it might be a networking issue - make sure the client can see the server :) Good luck! On Mon, 23 Jul 2001, stith wrote: > i am trying to set up a server using apache. at this point i do not want it > to be connected to the internet so i am trying to use a second computer to > log on with. here is what i have set up: > > 1. server ip=192.168.1.1 ( i am using the ip and by-passing name resolution > at this point). > i can ping 192.168.1.1 from the server as well as localhost. i can also > get the default > html page up. the only changes i have made to http.conf is: > > a. Listen *:80 > b. ServerName 192.168.1.1 > c. i added the following > > <Directory "/var/www/html"> > Options Indexes FollowSymLinks > AllowOverride None > Order allow,deny > Allow from all > </Directory> > > i can ping from server to client and client to server. > > 2. client when i try to log on to the server, i get 'netscapes network > connection was > refused by the server 192.168.1.1. the server may not be accepting > connections or may > be busy.' > > > > > any help would be appreciated > > > jim stith > > > _______________________________________________ > Wlug mailing list > Wlug(a)mail.wlug.org > http://mail.wlug.org/mailman/listinfo/wlug >

July 23, 2001

apache

by stith

i am trying to set up a server using apache. at this point i do not want it to be connected to the internet so i am trying to use a second computer to log on with. here is what i have set up: 1. server ip=192.168.1.1 ( i am using the ip and by-passing name resolution at this point). i can ping 192.168.1.1 from the server as well as localhost. i can also get the default html page up. the only changes i have made to http.conf is: a. Listen *:80 b. ServerName 192.168.1.1 c. i added the following <Directory "/var/www/html"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> i can ping from server to client and client to server. 2. client when i try to log on to the server, i get 'netscapes network connection was refused by the server 192.168.1.1. the server may not be accepting connections or may be busy.' any help would be appreciated jim stith

July 23, 2001

hello

by Jeff Reed

hey everyone. this is jeff from Metro West Boston LUG. just wanted to drop in and say hi. i'll be posting random stuff here and there. happy hacking! -- //- Jeff Reed //- Linux System Asministrator //- Metro West Boston Linux User Group //- jreed(a)linuxbusca.com //- (508)792-6070 //- http://www.linuxbusca.com //- http://www.blu.org //- http://www.wlug.org

July 22, 2001

Re: [Wlug] vmware crash

by Andy Stewart

On Friday 20 July 2001 23:55, Michael Long wrote: > After rerunning vmware-config.pl vmware ran again. However I think there > may be a conflict between vmware and Oracle because my system locked up > again when I started Oracle and then started vmware. > > Also I noticed your boot scripts are in /etc/init.d/ while mine are in > /sbin/init.d/. What would account for this difference? I am running SuSE > 7.0 I am running SuSE 7.2 pro. According to /etc/init.d.README, the files were moved to /sbin/init.d per the Linux Standard Base specification. Andy > > Thanks, > Mike > > On Friday 20 July 2001 08:50, you wrote: > > Hi Mike, > > > > On my system, there's a file, /etc/init.d/vmware, which gets invoked > > when the machine boots. There are links to the file, thus: > > > > /etc/init.d/rc3.d/K22vmware -> ../vmware > > /etc/init.d/rc3.d/S01vmware -> ../vmware > > > > The two kernel modules that you need are vmmon and vmnet. If you > > don't have these modules in /lib/modules/your_kernel_rev/misc, then > > you'll need to rerun vmware-config.pl. > > > > Now, that should solve the problem of why they're not loading upon > > boot. However, I have no idea why your system locked up in the first > > place. > > > > Later, > > > > Andy > > _______________________________________________ > Wlug mailing list > Wlug(a)mail.wlug.org > http://mail.wlug.org/mailman/listinfo/wlug -- Andy Stewart Founder Worcester Linux Users' Group Worcester, MA, USA http://www.wlug.org

July 21, 2001

Re: [Wlug] vmware crash

by Aaron Haviland

Michael Long said: > Also I noticed your boot scripts are in /etc/init.d/ while mine are in > /sbin/init.d/. What would account for this difference? I am running SuSE 7.0 Different distributions put them in different places. /etc/inittab tells init where to look for the various files and whatnot. For example, Debian uses /etc/init.d/ for the actual scripts, and /etc/rcX.d for the various runlevels symlinks to the scripts, while RedHat, I believe, tosses everything in /etc/rc.d/ -- Aaron Haviland orion [at] tribble [dot] dyndns [dot] org orion [at] parsed [dot] net "Here I stand, foot in hand, talking to my wall. I'm not quite right at all, am I?" -Bowie.

July 21, 2001

Re: [Wlug] vmware crash

by Michael Long

After rerunning vmware-config.pl vmware ran again. However I think there may be a conflict between vmware and Oracle because my system locked up again when I started Oracle and then started vmware. Also I noticed your boot scripts are in /etc/init.d/ while mine are in /sbin/init.d/. What would account for this difference? I am running SuSE 7.0 Thanks, Mike On Friday 20 July 2001 08:50, you wrote: > Hi Mike, > > On my system, there's a file, /etc/init.d/vmware, which gets invoked when > the machine boots. There are links to the file, thus: > > /etc/init.d/rc3.d/K22vmware -> ../vmware > /etc/init.d/rc3.d/S01vmware -> ../vmware > > The two kernel modules that you need are vmmon and vmnet. If you don't > have these modules in /lib/modules/your_kernel_rev/misc, then you'll need > to rerun vmware-config.pl. > > Now, that should solve the problem of why they're not loading upon boot. > However, I have no idea why your system locked up in the first place. > > Later, > > Andy

July 21, 2001

Fwd: 5th Annual Linux Showcase and Conference

by Andy Stewart

---------- Forwarded Message ---------- Subject: 5th Annual Linux Showcase and Conference Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2001 10:26:06 -0700 From: Usenix Assocation <mktgadm(a)usenix.org> To: astewart(a)world.std.com Attn: Worcester Linux Users' Group Dear Worcester Linux Users' Group, I was hoping you could forward the following ALS conference information (below) to your local user group. Please let me know if you have a more appropriate method for submitting this information. (ie, a calendar of conferences/events page) Thank you for your assistance! Best Regards, Alexandra Szczepanski USENIX Association 2560 Ninth Street, Suite 215 Berkeley, CA. 94710 ph (510) 528-8649 fx (510) 548-5738 http://www.usenix.org ++++++++++++++++ Join the people who made Linux happen! 5th Annual Linux Showcase and Conference November 5-10, 2001 Oakland Convention Center, Oakland, CA http://www.linuxshowcase.org Each year, the best and the brightest in the Open source and Linux community come together at one technical conference, the Annual Linux Showcase and Conference. Now in its fifth year, ALS continues its remarkable development as the premiere technical Linux conference for savvy system administrators, end users, enthusiasts, and developers. - Enhance your already sophisticated technical skills - Gain mastery of complex techniques and technologies from the experts - Take home the solutions and knowledge to get immediate payoff within your organization. ALS Tutorial Program, November 5-7, 2001 Gain mastery of complex techniques and technologies through in-depth instruction in 12 tutorials delivering immediately useful information. Both full and half-day tutorials are offered. The tutorial program will be followed by three days of technical sessions, an XFree86 technical conference and a free vendor exhibition showcasing the products and services of over 70 top Linux companies including Compaq, Hewlett-Packard Company, Red Hat, Inc., Sun Microsystems, Inc., SuSE Inc. and VA Linux Systems Inc. For the complete conference schedule and to register visit: http://www.linuxshowcase.org Platinum Sponsors: Compaq VA Linux Hewlett-Packard Media Sponsors: Dr.Dobb's Journal Linux Journal Linux Magazine SysAdmin Magazine UserFriendly.org =============================================================== 5th Annual Linux Showcase & Conference (ALS 2001) is sponsored by USENIX, the Advanced Computing Systems Association, and the Atlanta Linux Showcase, in cooperation with Linux International. =============================================================== ------------------------------------------------------- -- Andy Stewart Founder Worcester Linux Users' Group Worcester, MA, USA http://www.wlug.org

July 21, 2001

Re: [Wlug] vmware crash

by Andy Stewart

Hi Mike, On my system, there's a file, /etc/init.d/vmware, which gets invoked when the machine boots. There are links to the file, thus: /etc/init.d/rc3.d/K22vmware -> ../vmware /etc/init.d/rc3.d/S01vmware -> ../vmware The two kernel modules that you need are vmmon and vmnet. If you don't have these modules in /lib/modules/your_kernel_rev/misc, then you'll need to rerun vmware-config.pl. Now, that should solve the problem of why they're not loading upon boot. However, I have no idea why your system locked up in the first place. Later, Andy -- Andy Stewart Founder Worcester Linux Users' Group Worcester, MA, USA http://www.wlug.org

July 20, 2001

vmware crash

by Michael Long

Hi all, I have had vmware running on my system for a couple of weeks. Tonight when starting vmware my system locked up (no keyboard or mouse response) and I had to press the reset key. After bring the system up when I attempt to 'power on' vmware I get a message that says: Could not open /dev/vmnet0: No such device. How do I make this device available? After the reboot it was necessary to issue 'insmod vmmon'. Thanks, Mike

July 20, 2001

Full analysis of the .ida "Code Red" worm. (fwd)

by Michelle Vadeboncoeur

For that "New IIS Exploit" thread: -Michelle, who just had to condense this info for another (non-technical) mailing list after the much awaited .au site got hit within hours of the site going up... ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 22:40:11 -0700 From: Marc Maiffret <marc(a)eeye.com> To: BUGTRAQ <BUGTRAQ(a)securityfocus.com> Subject: Full analysis of the .ida "Code Red" worm. The following is a detailed analysis of the "Code Red" .ida worm that we reported on July 17th 2001. This analysis was performed by Ryan Permeh and Marc Maiffret of eEye Digital Security. The disassembly (complete with comments) was done by Ryan "Shellcode Ninja" Permeh. Table of Contents ================= 1. Introduction 2. Explanation 3. Commentary 4. Deep Analysis 5. Conclusion 6. Appendix 7. Credits You can get a copy of this analysis, commented disassembly, full IDA database, and binary of worm from http://www.eeye.com/html/advisories/codered.zip Introduction ============ On Friday July 13th we received packet logs and information from 2 network administrators that were experiencing large amounts of attacks targeting the recent .ida vulnerability that eEye Digital Security discovered (http://www.eeye.com/html/Research/Advisories/AD20010618.html) on June 18, 2001. After reviewing the logs sent to us we determined that in fact someone had released a worm into the Internet that was spreading rapidly through IIS web servers. The full analysis of the .ida "Code Red" worm has provided numerous new details as to the functionality and method of propagation of this worm. For instance this worms purpose ultimately seems to be to perform a denial of service attack against www.whitehouse.gov. Also it has been found that only US English Windows NT/2000 systems will show the defaced ("Hacked by Chinese !") web page. We've designated this the .ida "Code Red" worm, because part of the worm is designed to deface web pages with the text "Hacked by Chinese" and also because code red mountain dew was the only thing that kept us awake all last night to be able to disassemble this exploit even further. Explanation =========== As stated earlier the .ida "Code Red" worm is spreading throughout IIS web servers on the Internet via the .ida buffer overflow attack that was published weeks ago. The following are the steps that the worm takes once it has infected a vulnerable web server. 1. Setup initial worm environment on infected system. 2. Setup a 100 threads of the worm 3. The first 99 threads are used to spread the worm (infect other web servers). -The worm spreads itself by creating a sequence of random IP addresses. However, the worm's randomization of IP addresses to attack is not all together random. In fact there seems to be a static seed that the worm uses when generating new IP addresses to try to attack. Therefore every computer infected by this worm is going to go through the same list of random IP addresses to try to infect. The "problem" with that is that the worm is going to end up reinfecting systems and also end up crossing traffic back and forth between hosts to end up creating a denial of service type affect because of the amount of data that will be transferred between all the IP addresses in the sequence of random IP addresses. The worm could have done truly random IP generation and that would have allowed it to infect a lot more systems a lot faster. We are not sure why that was not done but a friend of ours did pose an interesting idea... If the person who wrote this worm owned an IP address that was one of the first hundred or thousand etc... to be scanned then they could setup a sniffer and anytime and IP address tried to connect to port 80 on their IP address they would know that the IP address that connected to them was infected with the worm and they would therefore be able to create a list of the majority of systems that were infected by this worm. 4. The 100th thread checks to see if it is running on a English (US) Windows NT/2000 system. -If the infected system is found to be a English (US) system then the worm will proceed to deface the infected systems website. That means... the local web servers web page will be changed to a message that says Welcome to http://www.worm.com !, Hacked By Chinese!. This hacked web page message will stay "live" on the web server for 10 hours and then disappear and never appear again unless the infected system is re-infected by another host. -If the system is not a English (US) Windows NT/2000 system then the 100th worm thread is also used to infect other systems. 5. Each worm thread checks for c:\notworm -If the file c:\notworm is found, the worm goes dormant. -If the file is not found then each thread will continue to attempt to infect more systems. 6. Each worm thread will now check the infected computers time. -If the time is between 20:00 UTC and 23:59 UTC then the worm will proceed to use this thread to attack www.whitehouse.gov. The attack consists of the infected system sending 100k bytes of data to port 80 of www.whitehouse.gov therefore potentially performing a denial of service attack against www.whitehouse.gov. -If the time is below 20:00 UTC then this worm thread will try to find and infect new web servers. In testing we have calculated that the worm can attempt to infect roughly half a million IP addresses a day and that was a ruff estimate made from using a very slow network. As of writing this document (July 18 6:49pm) we have had reports from administrators that have been probed by over 12 thousand unique hosts. That basically means at least 12 thousand hosts have been infected by this worm. In testing we have seen that sometimes the worm does not execute correctly and will continue to spawn new threads until the infected machine crashes and has to be rebooted. We have not been able to isolate the cause of this behavior. Commentary ========== As we sat and watched this worm spread itself through the Internet we were somewhat dumbfounded as to the number of reported systems being infected. The main reason for that is that this worm is using a, what we thought to be, very well known vulnerability. A patch for this vulnerability has been available for over a month now and at the time of the release of the vulnerability many news agencies ran stories about it therefore trying to spread awareness. Even with all of that though there have still been, at the very least, 12 thousand web servers infected by this worm. So we once again encourage administrators to pay attention to security issues and patch their systems as soon as patches are available for holes. All of this research would not be available if we were not a Full Disclosure company and if the many people who helped us research this worm were against full disclosure. Although we did not release any exploit code for the .ida vulnerability, the computer underground still had no problem creating a devastating worm. In the past we have seen a much higher percentage of patched systems when example exploit code was provided. System administrators do not believe vulnerabilities exist without a public exploit, or until something like this worm happens forcing them to patch their systems. We feel that if the security community moves away from Full Disclosure more incidents like this will happen and everyone will be left in the dark as to what is going on. An example of why full disclosure is so important would be this worm itself. Chances are this worm would have not been discovered if we had not fully disclosed details about the .ida vulnerability, allowing Intrusion Detection System vendors to create signatures for the .ida buffer overflow attack. Because of the way that IIS performs logging (logging a request after processing it), servers hit with this worm will actually have no traces of information left in the IIS log files making tracking this worm (via IIS logs) virtually impossible. The first instances of _anyone_ learning anything useful about this worm was via Intrusion Detection Systems that had signatures based on our .ida vulnerability research which would not have been there if not for full disclosure. The computer underground continues to find vulnerabilities everyday. If full disclosure goes away, then the general security community is left in the dark, and therefore so are administrators. More and more we are seeing an increase in worms attacking the Internet. There have been about 2 or 3 worms in as many months. Worms force computer security to become a global issue. With the rise of the Internet, not only do you have to worry about securing your own systems, you must also be careful of your "neighbors" systems. For instance with this worm even if you have done everything right (installed the .ida patch etc...) your network connection could still be taken down because of the amount of data flooding you from all of the "other guys" who hadn't applied patches and were infected by this worm. It is important to not only maintain your own security but make sure that other people you come in contact with secure their sites. Only with global cooperation to maintain security will the threat of worms start disappear. We received information from "friends" that leads us to believe that this worm is actually a derivative of another worm which was written to exploit the first ever remote IIS buffer overflow (also discovered by eEye Digital Security), the .htr buffer overflow. From reports, the .htr worm had a much smaller infection base and seemed to go under the radar probably because the .htr vulnerability was/is very old. Deep Analysis ============= The following is a very detailed analysis of what the worm is doing at each step of its infection. Full disassembled and commented worm code is available at our website at http://www.eeye.com/html/advisories/codered.zip. It will be provided as both a assembly text dump and as a IDA (Interactive Disassembler) database file. We have chosen not distribute the worm code in this eMail as to not clog up your bandwidth anymore then we already are >:-] Note: We will use CODEREF comments in the analysis to reference where we are in the disassembled code so you can "follow along" with us. The tools that we used to perform this detailed analysis were: IDA (Interactive Disassembler) from www.datarescue.com. IDA is an advanced disassembler that made this analysis possible. MS VC++ debugging environment. We used this to monitor modified pieces of the worm as they interacted with IIS. Ryan's brain + Marc's brain + private eEye tools. No... you cant have any of those. We will be heavily referencing the disassembled worm code in the following analysis. In an attempt to make this easier to understand we have broken the functionality of the worm into 3 parts. The core worm functionality, the worm hack web page functionality and the attack www.whitehouse.gov functionality. Core worm functionality ----------------------- 1. Initial infection vector (i.e. host is vulnerable to the .ida attack and gets hit with this worm). The initial infection starts to take place when a web server, vulnerable to the .ida attack, is hit with a HTTP get request that contains the necessary code to exploit the .ida attack and uses this worm as its payload. At the time of the .ida overflow a systems stack memory will look like the following: <MORE 4E 00> 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 92 90 58 68 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 4E 00 FA 00 00 00 90 90 58 68 D3 CB 01 78 90 90 58 68 D3 CB 01 78 90 90 58 68 D3 CB 01 78 90 90 90 90 90 81 C3 00 03 00 00 8B 1B 53 FF 53 78 EIP is overwritten with 0x7801CBD3 which an address within msvcrt.dll. The code at 0x7801CBD3 disassembles to: call ebx When EIP is overwritten with call ebx it then causes program flow to divert back to the stack. The code on the stack jumps into the worm code that's held in the body of the initial HTTP request. 2. Sets up some initial stack variables CODEREF: seg000:000001D6 WORM At this point we are executing the initial code of the worm. The first thing to happen is that the worm sets up a new stack for its own use. The new stack is 218h bytes, filled with CCh. The worm code then moves on to initialize its function jump table. The entire worm heavily uses an EBP stack based memory offset system. This means that all variables are referenced as EBP-X values. On our website we have a document called worm-ebp.txt that attempts to track stack usage throughout the course of the worm code. 3. Load functions (create the "jump table") CODEREF: seg000:00000203 DataSetup The first thing the worm code does is reference the data portion of the exploit code at EBP-198h. The worm then needs to setup its internal function jump table. A function jump table is a stack based table used to store function addresses. It allows the worm to generate the function addresses at run time (This makes the worm have a better chance of executing cleanly on more systems). The technique used by this worm is what is called an RVA (Relative Virtual Addresses) lookup. Basically this means that all functions, or specifically GetProcAddress, are found within IIS itself. For more details on RVA please consult any good PE (Portable Executable, the executable file format for Microsoft platforms) documentation, or read through the assembly code of this worm. In a nutshell, RVA techniques are used to get the address of GetProcAddress. GetProcAddress is then used to get the address of LoadLibraryA. Between these two functions all other functions that the worm may need can be easily found. The worm uses these two functions to load the following functions: >From kernel32.dll: GetSystemTime CreateThread CreateFileA Sleep GetSystemDefaultLangID VirtualProtect >From infocomm.dll: TcpSockSend >From WS2_32.dll: socket connect send recv closesocket Finally the worm stores the base address of w3svc.dll which it will later use to potentially deface the infected website. 4. Check the number of threads the worm has created. CODEREF: seg000:00000512 FUNC_LOAD_DONE Here the worm seems to perform a WriteClient (Part of the ISAPI Extension API), sending "GET" back to the attacking worm. This possibly could be a way of telling attacking worms that they have successfully infected a new host. Next the worm code will count the number of worm threads already in action. If the number of threads is 100 then control is shifted to the Worm hack web page functionality. If the number of threads is below 100 then the worm creates a new thread. Each new thread is an exact replica of the worm (Using the same code base). The worm now continues its path of execution. 6. Checks for the existence of c:\notworm CODEREF: seg000:0000079D DO_THE_WORK There seems to be a to be built in "lysine deficiency" (See Jurassic Park, or Caesar's paper on this at www.rootkit.com) A "lysine deficiency" is a built in check to keep malicious code from spreading further. In this case the "lysine deficiency" is a check for the existence of the file c:\notworm. If this file exists then the worm will become dormant. This means it will not attempt to make connections out to other IP addresses to try to infect. If this file does not exist then the worm continues onto the next step. 7. Check the infected systems time (computer clock) CODEREF: seg000:00000803 NOTWORM_NO The worm will now check the infected systems local time (in UTC). If the hour is greater then 20:00 UTC then the worm will proceed to goto the first step of the attack www.whitehouse.gov functionality. If the time is less than 20:00 UTC then the worm will attempt to continue to try to infect new systems. 8. Infect a new host (send .ida worm to a "random" IP address on port 80). At this point the worm will resend itself to any IP addresses which it can connect to port 80 on. It uses multiple send()'s so packet traffic may be broken up. On a successful completion of send, it closes the socket and goes to step 6... therefore repeating this loop infinitely. Worm hack webpage functionality ------------------------------- This functionality is called after a hundred threads are spawned within the worm. 1. Check if local system default language is English us then goto step 6 of core worm functionality. CODEREF: seg000:000005FE TOO_MANY_THREADS The first thing the worm does is get the local codepage. A codepage specifies the local operating system language (I.E. English (US), Chinese, German etc...). It then compares the local codepage against 0x409. 0x409 is the codepage for English (US) systems. If the infected system is an English (US) system then the worm will proceed to deface the local systems webpage. If the local codepage is not English (US) then this worm thread will goto step 6 of core worm functionality. 2. Sleep for 2 hours. CODEREF: seg000:00000636 IS_AMERICAN This worm thread now sleeps for 2 hours. We anticipate that this is to allow the other worm threads to attempt to spread the infection before making a presence known via defacing the infected systems webpage. 3. Attempt to modify infected systems webpages in memory. CODEREF: seg000:0000064F HACK_PAGE This worm uses an interesting technique called "hooking" to effectively deface (alter) an infected systems webpages. Hooking is modifying code in memory to point to code that the worm provides. In this case the worm is modifying w3svc.dll to change the normal operation of a function called TcpSockSend. TcpSockSend is what w3svc.dll (IIS core engine) uses to send information back to the client. By modifying this, the worm is able to change data being written back to clients who request web pages of an infected server. To perform hooking, first the worm makes the first 4000h bytes of w3svc.dll's memory writable. In a normal situation the memory for w3svc.dll (and basically all mapped dll's) is read-only. It uses the function VirtualProtect to change the memory of w3svc.dll to be writable, saving the old state to a stack variable. It then uses the saved codebase of w3svc.dll (from step 3 of core worm functionality) as a start point to search the import table (again see PE header documentation) for the address of TcpSockSend. Once the address for TcpSockSend is located the worm then replaces TcpSockSend's actual address with an address within the worm. The address that TcpSockSend now points to is a function within the worm that will return the "Hacked by Chinese !" webpage. The CODEREF for this function is seg000:00000C9A FAKE_TCPSOCKSEND. This thread of the worm now sleeps for 10 hours. During this 10 hours all web requests to the infected server will return the "Hacked by chinese !" webpage. After the 10 hours is up this thread will return w3svc.dll to its original state, including re-protecting memory. Execution after this proceeds to step 6 of the core worm functionality. Attack www.whitehouse.gov functionality --------------------------------------- Sooner or later every thread within the worm seems to shift its attacking focus to www.whitehouse.gov. 1. create socket and connect to www.whitehouse.gov on port 80 and send 100k byes of data CODEREF: seg000:000008AD WHITEHOUSE_SOCKET_SETUP Initially the worm will create a socket and connect to 198.137.240.91 (www.whitehouse.gov/www1.whitehouse.gov) on port 80. CODEREF: seg000:0000092F WHITEHOUSE_SOCKET_SEND If this connection is made then the worm will create a loop that performs 18000h single byte send()'s to www.whitehouse.gov. CODEREF: seg000:00000972 WHITEHOUSE_SLEEP_LOOP After 18000h send()'s the worm will sleep for about 4 and a half hours. It will then repeat the attack against www.whitehouse.gov (goto step one of Attack www.whitehouse.gov functionality). Appendix ======== This is associated information about the "Code Red" worm including how to stop the worm, commentary on the worm, and dispelling common misconceptions about this worm. How to secure your system from this .ida "Code Red" worm? --------------------------------------------------------- Microsoft patch for this .ida vulnerability http://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp?url=/technet/security/ bulletin/MS01-033.asp The worm spreads itself to new vulnerable systems via the .ida vulnerability. Applying this patch will keep your server from being infected. However, as stated earlier, because of the way the worm creates its list of "random" IP addresses to attack, you could still be affected by a high traffic overload denial of service. eEye Digital Security Advisory for .ida vulnerability http://www.eeye.com/html/Research/Advisories/AD20010618.html We initially discovered the .ida vulnerability which is being used by this worm as its infection vector. The above advisory details our research of that specific vulnerability. We worked with Microsoft to help them create a patch for the .ida vulnerability. SecureIIS - Application firewall, stops known and unknown IIS vulnerabilities. http://wwww.eeye.com/secureiis We do produce a product that protects IIS web servers from attack which is one of the reasons that we were so quick to research this worm. Funny enough in our initial testing we couldn't get the worm to work because we forgot we had SecureIIS enabled on the lab web server. heh. I have been infected by this worm what can I do? ------------------------------------------------ The first thing you must do is goto the Microsoft security site, as referenced above, and install the .ida patch ASAP. The worm will remain in memory until you reboot your server so make sure to reboot after installing the .ida patch. I think I am infected, how can I tell? -------------------------------------- An infected system will show an increase in load (processor/network). It will also show a number of external connections (or attempts) to port 80 of random IP addresses. You can see this by doing a "netstat -an" from a MS-DOS prompt. Either way do not take any chances... if your system is missing the .ida patch then install it ASAP and reboot. How to setup your IDS to detect this specific worm? --------------------------------------------------- The following is part of the packet data that is sent for this .ida "Code Red" worm attack: GET /default.ida?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNN%u9090%u6858%ucbd3%u7801%u9090%u6858%ucbd3%u7801%u9090%u6858%ucbd3% u7801%u9090%u9090%u8190%u00c3%u0003%u8b00%u531b%u53ff%u0078%u0000%u00=a HTTP/1.0 Just add that to your IDS signature database. What are some common misconceptions about the "Code Red" worm? -------------------------------------------------------------- 1. It connects to worm.com. This worm only specifies www.worm.com in the initial HTTP GET request HOST: header and in the defaced page show on English (US) systems. This worm does _not_ connect to www.worm.com. This worm operates completely independent and can spread and infect systems without having a single point of failure. What that means is that this worm will be wild on the Internet until there is a _VERY_ high degree of systems that go and install the .ida patch. 2. This worm is based off of hsj's "proof of concept" .ida exploit. This worm is _NOT_ based off of hsj's "proof of concept" .ida exploit. His exploit code had no worm functionality. It was a simple exploit shell that had little to no implicit functionality. It was designed to prove to administrators the seriousness of this vulnerability so that they would install patches ASAP. Credits ======= Ken Eichman of Chemical Abstracts Service Matthew Asham of Left Coast Systems Corp and a large handful of administrators who gave us much needed data to piece this together. Signed, eEye Digital Security T.949.349.9062 F.949.349.9538 http://eEye.com/Retina - Network Security Scanner http://eEye.com/Iris - Network Traffic Analyzer http://eEye.com/SecureIIS - Stop known and unknown IIS vulnerabilities "Its not a virus! Its a worm!" - z3r0 c00l "Whats this one eat?" - l0rd n1k0n "th1s 0n3 34ts 11S s3rv3rs!" - ch4m3l30n h4ck3rs

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] New IIS Exploit??

by Adam ＠ Oak

This might fit what you're experiencing: http://www.theregister.co.uk/content/4/20474.html -Adam On Sun, 15 Jul 2001, Doctor Orbitz wrote: > Hey, I have recently been gettign a BUTTLOAD of hits on my web server > that look like this: > "GET > /default.ida?NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN%u9090%u6858%ucbd3%u7801%u9090%u6858%ucbd3%u7801%u9090%u6858%ucbd3%u7801%u9090%u9090%u8190%u00c3%u0003%u8b00%u531b%u53ff%u0078%u0000%u00=a > HTTP/1.0" > > I've just recntly had a ton of requests liek that, is this a new exploit > or what?? > > Orbitz > > _______________________________________________ > Wlug mailing list > Wlug(a)mail.wlug.org > http://mail.wlug.org/mailman/listinfo/wlug > end ___________________________________________________ Adam S. Keck | | 593 Centre St. | "Got BSD?" Jamaica Plain, Boston | Ma, 02130 | ---------------------------------------------------

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Permissions on a file

by Aaron Haviland

Gary J. Hanley said: > The host is at secure site. Can rsync use a secure socket like ssh? I > guessed that it couldn't but I'll admit I didn't look into it. > > -- Gary rsync rocks. Until recently (when I got a cable modem) I'd rsync my debian archive to a box on a slightly better connection with this: /usr/bin/rsync -avPe /usr/bin/ssh --exclude "*tmp*" --exclude "Makefile" --exclude \ "*.m4" --exclude "stdlib.mc" --delete /home/orion/public_html/zork/ zork.net:~/public_html/ I also know someone who uses rsync to do a selective daily backup to another partition: rsync -axS --partial --stats --delete --delete-excluded --exclude-from=/etc/backup.exclude /etc /usr/local /var/spool/mail /var/lib/mailman /var/cache/backup/ and offsite: rsync -azxS -e ssh --stats --partial --delete /var/cache/backup/ two-bit.northpark.edu:/usr/local/var/backup/ -- Aaron Haviland orion [at] tribble [dot] dyndns [dot] org orion [at] parsed [dot] net So I can get 1 bpm by flashing a mirror?

July 19, 2001

routing question

by Marc Hughes

Hey guys, I add a route like this: route add -net 10.1.0.0/24 gw 66.92.74.135 And it shows up fine in my routing tables... But if the other machine looses it's link to the 10.1.0.* address, my machine tries to route those addresses to it's default route. I think the gateway sends some kind of "It's not here anymore" packet? That's not a big deal since it just gets dropped at my default gateway, but when the link to the 10.1.0.* address comes back up, my machine doesn't ever re-try to get to it through the 66.92.74.135 gateway... Is there a way to force a route so it always goes through the gateway? Even after it does fail? Thanks, -Marc

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Permissions on a file

by ccb＠acm.org

> Can this be tweaked for directories also? You lost me after tr. Check it out: tr -- '-drlwcxb' '0 1 1 1 ' Says (somewhat obfuscatedly): --: ignore the - in the next string '-drlwcxb': characters to match on input '0 1 1 1 ': characters to replace with The mapping is positional: - becomes 0 d becomes space r becomes 1 l becomes space w becomes 1 c becomes space x becomes 1 b becomes space "season to taste" implies that you'd hack in cases for 'p' '=' and the few remaining other cases. You'll also need to map 's' and 't' to 1 to cover setuid/setgid and sticky. If you need to know about the setuid/setgid and sticky bits and the file type stuff you can let tr pass them and them scan: FMODE=$(echo $STR|tr 'rwx' '111') # check file types case "$FMODE" in b*) # block file stuff FT=0110 ;; c*) # char file stuff FT=0010 ;; d*) # directory stuff FT=0100 ;; l*) # symlink stuff FT=1010 ;; p*) # named pipe (fifo) stuff FT=0001 ;; =*) # socket file stuff FT=1010 ;; -*) # regular file stuff FT=1000 ;; esac # check higher bits case "$FMODE" in ???s??????) # setuid stuff XM=100 ;; ??????s???) # setgid stuff XM=010 ;; ?????????t) # sticky stuff XM=001 ;; esac # normalize file types to ' ' and s, t bits to 1 BINMODE=$(echo $FMODE | tr -- '-bcdlp=st' ' 11') # translate full mode to octal OCTMODE=$(echo "ibase=2; obase=8; $FT$XM$FMODE" | bc) At some point you wake up to stuff like: perl -e '@x = stat("foo"); printf "%o\n", $x[2]' ccb -- Charles C. Bennett, Jr. VA LiNUX Systems Systems Engineer, Northeast US 25 Burlington Mall Rd., Suite 300 +1 617 543-6513 Burlington, MA 01803-4145 ccb(a)valinux.com www.valinux.com

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Permissions on a file

by Charles R . Anderson

On Thu, Jul 19, 2001 at 10:25:24AM -0400, Gary J. Hanley wrote: ghanley> The host is at secure site. Can rsync use a secure socket like ssh? I ghanley> guessed that it couldn't but I'll admit I didn't look into it. Yes, it can use rsh or ssh or its own rsync server daemon.

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Permissions on a file

by Gary J. Hanley

The host is at secure site. Can rsync use a secure socket like ssh? I guessed that it couldn't but I'll admit I didn't look into it. -- Gary On Thu, 19 Jul 2001, Charles R . Anderson wrote: > On Thu, Jul 19, 2001 at 09:53:47AM -0400, Gary J. Hanley wrote: > ghanley> Definately possible. I have to make sure the permissions on a large number > ghanley> of files and directories are in sync with a remote system so I want to make > ghanley> sure I can generate this list in the most efficient way. > > Sounds like a job for rsync. It can synchronize files, links, devices, > directories, owners, groups, and permissions. It will only transfer > the "differences" over the network, making it extremely fast. These > options should do what you want (but I haven't tested this): > > -p, --perms > This option causes rsync to update the remote permissions > to be the same as the local permissions. > > --existing > This tells rsync not to create any new files - only update > files that already exist on the destination. > > I'm not sure if rsync can synchronize JUST permissions, and not file > contents as well. It might be worth looking into, though. > _______________________________________________ > Wlug mailing list > Wlug(a)mail.wlug.org > http://mail.wlug.org/mailman/listinfo/wlug >

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Permissions on a file

by Charles R . Anderson

On Thu, Jul 19, 2001 at 09:53:47AM -0400, Gary J. Hanley wrote: ghanley> Definately possible. I have to make sure the permissions on a large number ghanley> of files and directories are in sync with a remote system so I want to make ghanley> sure I can generate this list in the most efficient way. Sounds like a job for rsync. It can synchronize files, links, devices, directories, owners, groups, and permissions. It will only transfer the "differences" over the network, making it extremely fast. These options should do what you want (but I haven't tested this): -p, --perms This option causes rsync to update the remote permissions to be the same as the local permissions. --existing This tells rsync not to create any new files - only update files that already exist on the destination. I'm not sure if rsync can synchronize JUST permissions, and not file contents as well. It might be worth looking into, though.

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Permissions on a file

by Gary J. Hanley

On Thu, 19 Jul 2001, Charles R . Anderson wrote: > I figured you'd use the version without the -t like this: > stat file | grep "Access: (" | cut -d\( -f2 | cut -d/ -f1 Definately possible. I have to make sure the permissions on a large number of files and directories are in sync with a remote system so I want to make sure I can generate this list in the most efficient way. > It works with directories too. Big plus. :-) Thanks Charles. -- Gary

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Permissions on a file

by Charles R . Anderson

On Thu, Jul 19, 2001 at 12:50:28AM -0400, Gary J. Hanley wrote: ghanley> On Thu, 19 Jul 2001 ccb(a)acm.org wrote: ghanley> > > Check out the 'stat' command and 'stat -t'. ghanley> > ghanley> > Unfortunately it gives full modes in HEX! ghanley> ghanley> Oh, that's what that was. Without the -t looked promising, but with the -t ghanley> I couldn't find the value I expected. Thank you anyway Charles. I figured you'd use the version without the -t like this: stat file | grep "Access: (" | cut -d\( -f2 | cut -d/ -f1 It works with directories too.

July 19, 2001

Re: [Wlug] Permissions on a file

by Gary J. Hanley

On Thu, 19 Jul 2001 ccb(a)acm.org wrote: > > Check out the 'stat' command and 'stat -t'. > > Unfortunately it gives full modes in HEX! Oh, that's what that was. Without the -t looked promising, but with the -t I couldn't find the value I expected. Thank you anyway Charles. > Some shell hackery: > set -- $(ls -l foo) > OCTMODE=$(echo "ibase=2;obase=8;$(echo $1 | tr -- '-drlwcxb' '0 1 1 1 ')" | bc) Indeed, many thanks. My script was going to be something along the lines of awk/if-then-else-fi/echo. :-) Can this be tweaked for directories also? You lost me after tr. -- Gary

July 19, 2001